The braking system is one of the most critical safety components of a vehicle, and one of its most essential parts is the brake pads. These components enable vehicles to stop, but they wear out over time and must be replaced after a certain period of use. However, many drivers are unaware of when to replace their brake pads and what signs indicate wear.
In this article, we will discuss the factors affecting the lifespan of brake pads, the symptoms of wear, and when they should be replaced. If you have doubts about the condition of your vehicle’s brake pads, you will find detailed information in the following sections.
What Is a Brake Pad?
A brake pad is a crucial component in a vehicle’s braking system, playing a key role in slowing down the rotation of the wheels through friction. It is typically used in disc brake systems and is located inside the brake caliper. When the driver presses the brake pedal, the brake pads apply pressure to the brake disc, generating friction that slows the vehicle down or brings it to a complete stop.
Brake pads are vital for vehicle safety. High-quality brake pads are made from materials that can withstand high temperatures and intense friction. Today, different types of brake pads are available, including organic, ceramic, and metallic variants.
What Are Brake Pads Made Of?
Brake pads are manufactured from special materials that can withstand high friction and temperatures. The type of material used directly affects the performance, lifespan, and braking characteristics of the vehicle. The most commonly used types of brake pads today include:
1. Organic Brake Pads
- Material: Made from organic components such as rubber, carbon, fiberglass, and resin.
- Advantages: Operate quietly, are environmentally friendly, and do not cause significant damage to the brake disc.
- Disadvantages: Can wear out quickly under high temperatures and may have reduced performance.
2. Semi-Metallic Brake Pads
- Material: Made by combining metal components such as steel, iron, and copper with carbon and other binders.
- Advantages: Durable, provide high performance, and distribute heat efficiently.
- Disadvantages: Being harder, they may wear down the brake disc and can produce noise during braking.
3. Ceramic Brake Pads
- Material: Made from ceramic fibers, copper fibers, and special resins.
- Advantages: Operate quietly, have a long lifespan, and produce less brake dust.
- Disadvantages: More expensive compared to other types of brake pads.
Factors such as vehicle usage, driving habits, and weather conditions determine the most suitable type of brake pad. Choosing the right brake pad ensures the braking system operates efficiently and lasts longer.
What Happens If Brake Pads Wear Out?
Brake pads wear down over their lifespan and gradually become thinner. If they are not replaced in time, braking performance decreases significantly, posing a serious risk to driving safety. So, what happens when brake pads are completely worn out?
1. Braking Distance Increases
As brake pads wear down, they cannot provide enough friction with the brake disc, increasing the time and distance required to stop the vehicle. This can be particularly dangerous in sudden stops, increasing the risk of accidents.
2. Damage to Brake Discs and Calipers
When brake pads are fully worn, metal components come into direct contact with the brake disc. This can cause the discs to become scratched and wear out over time. If the discs are also damaged, they must be replaced along with the brake pads, which can be a costly repair.
3. Unusual Noises from the Brakes
If you hear a high-pitched screeching or grinding noise when braking, it may indicate that the brake pads are completely worn and metal parts are making contact. If you notice this sound, you should have your brake pads checked as soon as possible.
4. Changes in the Brake Pedal Feel
When brake pads wear out, you may notice a difference in the brake pedal feel. It may become either softer or harder than usual, indicating that the braking system is not functioning correctly.
5. ABS and Brake Warning Lights May Turn On
Modern vehicles have sensors that detect brake pad wear. If the brake pads have reached their replacement threshold, the brake or ABS warning light may illuminate on your dashboard.
How to Tell If Brake Pads Are Worn Out?
One of the most common signs of worn brake pads is unusual noises when braking. A high-pitched screeching, metallic grinding, or squeaking sound when pressing the brake pedal indicates that the brake pads are thinning and their metal parts are starting to rub against the brake disc. If you hear these sounds, your brake pads should be inspected.
Another important indicator is changes in the brake pedal feel. If the pedal feels softer or harder than normal, it could mean that the brake pads are worn. Worn-out brake pads can affect the hydraulic pressure in the braking system, preventing the pedal from functioning properly.
Additionally, an increase in braking distance is a serious warning sign. If your vehicle takes longer to stop compared to before or if you experience slipping while braking, this indicates that the brake pads are not providing sufficient friction. In such cases, replacing the brake pads promptly is essential to maintain braking performance.
In more advanced cases, worn brakes may cause vibrations in the steering wheel or vehicle. If you feel vibrations while braking or if the vehicle becomes unstable, this could result from uneven wear on the brake discs and pads. Moreover, in modern vehicles, worn brake pads may trigger the ABS and brake warning lights. If such warning lights appear on your dashboard, you should take your vehicle to a service center for an inspection.
Lastly, a drop in brake fluid levels can be directly related to brake pad wear. As brake pads wear down, the calipers move closer to the disc, causing a decrease in brake fluid levels. If you notice a frequent decrease in brake fluid, it may be time to replace your brake pads.
If you notice any of these symptoms, take your vehicle to a service center as soon as possible to have the braking system checked.
How Many Kilometers Do Brake Pads Last? What Is Their Lifespan?
The lifespan of brake pads varies depending on driving style, road conditions, and vehicle type. However, in general, standard brake pads last between 30,000 and 70,000 kilometers. In vehicles frequently used in stop-and-go city traffic, brake pads tend to wear out faster, whereas they may last longer in vehicles primarily used for long-distance travel.
One of the most important factors affecting brake pad lifespan is driving habits. Drivers who frequently brake suddenly or decelerate abruptly from high speeds will wear out their brake pads faster. Additionally, vehicles that carry heavy loads or frequently drive on steep roads will experience quicker brake pad wear.
From a time perspective, brake pads typically last between 3 to 5 years. However, this depends on how often the vehicle is used. For example, commercial vehicles used daily may require new brake pads within 1-2 years, while personal vehicles used only a few times a week may last up to 5 years.
Instead of relying solely on mileage, monitoring braking performance and watching for signs of wear is the best way to determine when brake pads need replacing.
When Should Brake Pads Be Replaced?
The ideal replacement time for brake pads depends on driving habits and road conditions. In general, it is recommended to replace them every 30,000 – 70,000 kilometers. However, for vehicles frequently used in city traffic, this range can drop to 20,000 – 30,000 kilometers.
Brake pads should be replaced when their thickness falls below 3-4 mm. If you hear squeaking or grinding noises while braking, experience an increase in stopping distance, or notice a stiffer brake pedal, it is likely that the pads are worn.
Why Do Brake Pads Squeak?
Squeaking noises from brake pads often indicate wear or a problem with the braking system. Possible causes include:
- Worn-out brake pads
- Low-quality or incompatible brake pads
- Worn or uneven brake discs
- Dirt, dust, or moisture buildup on the brake system
If brake squeaking becomes persistent, it is recommended to have the brake pads and discs inspected.
